Diagnosis description : 1st Trip Detection Logic and Two Trip Detection Logic

When a malfunction is detected for the first time, 1st trip DTC and 1st trip Freeze Frame data are stored in the ECM memory. The MI will not illuminate at this stage. <1st trip> If the same malfunction is detected again during the next drive, the DTC and Freeze Frame data are stored in the ECM memory, and the MI illuminates. The MI illuminates at the same time when the DTC is stored. <2nd trip> The “trip” in the “Two Trip Detection Logic” means a driving mode in which self-diagnosis is performed during vehicle operation. Specific on board diagnostic items will cause the ECM to illuminate or blink the MI, and store DTC and Freeze Frame data, even in the 1st trip, as shown below.

Diagnosis description : DTC and Freeze Frame Data

DTC AND 1ST TRIP DTC

The 1st trip DTC (whose number is the same as the DTC number) is displayed for the latest self-diagnostic result obtained. If the ECM memory was cleared previously, and the 1st trip DTC did not recur, the 1st trip DTC will not be displayed.

If a malfunction is detected during the 1st trip, the 1st trip DTC is saved in the ECM memory. The MI will not light up (two trip detection logic). If the same malfunction is not detected in the 2nd trip (meeting the required driving pattern), the 1st trip DTC is cleared from the ECM memory. If the same malfunction is detected in the 2nd trip, both the 1st trip DTC and DTC are saved in the ECM memory and the MI lights up. In other words, the DTC is stored in the ECM memory and the MI lights up when the same malfunction occurs in two consecutive trips. If a 1st trip DTC is stored and a non-diagnostic operation is performed between the 1st and 2nd trips, only the 1st trip DTC will continue to be stored. For malfunctions that blink or light up the MI during the 1st trip, the DTC and 1st trip DTC are stored in the ECM memory.

For malfunctions in which 1st trip DTCs are displayed, refer to EC-522, "DTC Index". These items are required by legal regulations to continuously monitor the system/component. In addition, the items monitored non-continuously are also displayed on CONSULT-III.

1st trip DTC is specified in Service $07 of SAE J1979/ISO 15031-5. 1st trip DTC detection occurs without illuminating the MI and therefore does not warn the driver of a malfunction.

When a 1st trip DTC is detected, check, print out or write down and erase (1st trip) DTC and Freeze Frame data as specified in Work Flow procedure Step 2, refer to EC-537, "Work Flow". Then perform DTC Confirmation Procedure or Component Function Check to try to duplicate the malfunction. If the malfunction is duplicated, the item requires repair.

FREEZE FRAME DATA AND 1ST TRIP FREEZE FRAME DATA

The ECM records the driving conditions such as fuel system status, calculated load value, engine coolant temperature, short term fuel trim, long term fuel trim, engine speed, vehicle speed, absolute throttle position, base fuel schedule and intake air temperature at the moment a malfunction is detected.

Data which are stored in the ECM memory, along with the 1st trip DTC, are called 1st trip freeze frame data.

The data, stored together with the DTC data, are called freeze frame data and displayed on CONSULT-III or GST. The 1st trip freeze frame data can only be displayed on the CONSULT-III screen.

Only one set of freeze frame data (either 1st trip freeze frame data or freeze frame data) can be stored in the ECM. 1st trip freeze frame data is stored in the ECM memory along with the 1st trip DTC. There is no priority for 1st trip freeze frame data and it is updated each time a different 1st trip DTC is detected. However, once freeze frame data (2nd trip detection/MI on) is stored in the ECM memory, 1st trip freeze frame data is no longer stored. Remember, only one set of freeze frame data can be stored in the ECM. The ECM has the following priorities to update the data.

For example, the EGR malfunction (Priority: 2) was detected and the freeze frame data was saved in the 2nd trip. After that when the misfire (Priority: 1) is detected in another trip, the freeze frame data will be updated from the EGR malfunction to the misfire. The 1st trip freeze frame data is updated each time a different malfunction is detected. There is no priority for 1st trip freeze frame data. However, once freeze frame data is stored in the ECM memory, 1st trip freeze data is no longer stored (because only one freeze frame data or 1st trip freeze frame data can be stored in the ECM). If freeze frame data is stored in the ECM memory and freeze frame data with the same priority occurs later, the first (original) freeze frame data remains unchanged in the ECM memory.

Both 1st trip freeze frame data and freeze frame data (along with the DTCs) are cleared when the ECM memory is erased.

Diagnosis description : Counter System

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MI, 1ST TRIP DTC, DTC, AND DETECTABLE ITEMS

• When a malfunction is detected for the first time, the 1st trip DTC and the 1st trip freeze frame data are stored in the ECM memory.

• When the same malfunction is detected in two consecutive trips, the DTC and the freeze frame data are stored in the ECM memory, and the MI will come on.

• The MI will turn OFF after the vehicle is driven 3 times (driving pattern B) with no malfunction. The drive is counted only when the recorded driving pattern is met (as stored in the ECM). If another malfunction occurs while counting, the counter will reset.

• The DTC and the freeze frame data will be stored until the vehicle is driven 40 times (driving pattern A) without the same malfunction recurring (except for Misfire and Fuel Injection System). For Misfire and Fuel Injection System, the DTC and freeze frame data will be stored until the vehicle is driven 80 times (driving pattern C) without the same malfunction recurring. The “TIME” in “SELF-DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS” mode of CONSULT- III will count the number of times the vehicle is driven.

• The 1st trip DTC is not displayed when the self-diagnosis results in OK for the 2nd trip.

COUNTER SYSTEM CHART

For details about patterns B and C under “Fuel Injection System” and “Misfire”, see “EXPLANATION FOR DRIVING PATTERNS FOR “MISFIRE <EXHAUST QUALITY DETERIORATION>”, “FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM”.

For details about patterns A and B under Other, see “EXPLANATION FOR DRIVING PATTERNS FOR “MISFIRE <EXHAUST QUALITY DETERIORATION>”, “FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM”.

• *1: Clear timing is at the moment OK is detected.

• *2: Clear timing is when the same malfunction is detected in the 2nd trip.

Relationship Between MI, DTC, 1st Trip DTC and Driving Patterns for “Misfire <Exhaust Quality Deterioration>”, “Fuel Injection System”

*1: When the same malfunction is detected in two consecutive trips, MI will light up.

*2: MI will turn OFF after vehicle is driven 3 times (pattern B) without any malfunctions.

*3: When the same malfunction is detected in two consecutive trips, the DTC and the freeze frame data will be stored in ECM.

*4: The DTC and the freeze frame data will not be displayed any longer after vehicle is driven 80 times (pattern C) without the same malfunction. (The DTC and the freeze frame data still remain in ECM.)
*5: When a malfunction is detected for the first time, the 1st trip DTC and the 1st trip freeze frame data will be stored in ECM.

*6: The 1st trip DTC and the 1st trip freeze frame data will be cleared at the moment OK is detected.

*7: When the same malfunction is detected in the 2nd trip, the 1st trip freeze frame data will be cleared.

*8: 1st trip DTC will be cleared when vehicle is driven once (pattern C) without the same malfunction after DTC is stored in ECM.

Explanation for Driving Patterns for “Misfire <Exhaust Quality Deterioration>”, “Fuel Injection System”

Driving Pattern B

Refer to EC-495, "DIAGNOSIS DESCRIPTION : Driving Pattern".

Driving Pattern C

Refer to EC-495, "DIAGNOSIS DESCRIPTION : Driving Pattern".

Example:
If the stored freeze frame data is as per the following: Engine speed: 850 rpm, Calculated load value: 30%, Engine coolant temperature: 80°C (176°F) To be satisfied with driving pattern C, the vehicle should run under the following conditions: Engine speed: 475 – 1,225 rpm, Calculated load value: 27 – 33%, Engine coolant temperature: more than 70°C (158°F)

Relationship Between MI, DTC, 1st Trip DTC and Driving Patterns Except For “Misfire <Exhaust Quality Deterioration>”, “Fuel Injection System”

*1: When the same malfunction is detected in two consecutive trips, MI will light up.

*2: MI will turn OFF after vehicle is driven 3 times (pattern B) without any malfunctions.

*3: When the same malfunction is detected in two consecutive trips, the DTC and the freeze frame data will be stored in ECM.

*4: The DTC and the freeze frame data will not be displayed any longer after vehicle is driven 40 times (pattern A) without the same malfunction.

(The DTC and the freeze frame data still remain in ECM.)
*5: When a malfunction is detected for the first time, the 1st trip DTC and the 1st trip freeze frame data will be stored in ECM.

*6: 1st trip DTC will be cleared after vehicle is driven once (pattern B) without the same malfunction.

*7: When the same malfunction is detected in the 2nd trip, the 1st trip freeze frame data will be cleared.

Explanation for Driving Patterns Except for “Misfire <Exhaust Quality Deterioration>”, “Fuel Injection System”

Driving Pattern A

Refer to EC-495, "DIAGNOSIS DESCRIPTION : Driving Pattern".

Driving Pattern B

Refer to EC-495, "DIAGNOSIS DESCRIPTION : Driving Pattern".

Diagnosis description : Driving Pattern

DRIVING PATTERN A

Driving pattern A means a trip satisfying the following conditions.

• Engine speed reaches 400 rpm or more.

• Engine coolant temperature rises by 20°C (36°F) or more after starting the engine.

• Engine coolant temperature reaches 70°C (158°F) or more.

• The ignition switch is turned from ON to OFF.

NOTE

:
• When the same malfunction is detected regardless of driving conditions, reset the counter of driving pattern A.

• When the above conditions are satisfied without detecting the same malfunction, reset the counter of driving pattern A.

DRIVING PATTERN B

Driving pattern B means a trip satisfying the following conditions.

• Engine speed reaches 400 rpm or more.

• Engine coolant temperature reaches 70°C (158°F) or more.

• Vehicle speed of 70 – 120 km/h (44 – 75 MPH) is maintained for 60 seconds or more under the control of closed loop.

• Vehicle speed of 30 – 60 km/h (19 – 37 MPH) is maintained for 10 seconds or more under the control of closed loop.

• Under the closed loop control condition, the following state reaches 12 seconds or more in total: Vehicle speed of 4 km/h (2 MPH) or less with idling condition.

• The state of driving at 10 km/h (7 MPH) or more reaches 10 minutes or more in total.

• A lapse of 22 minutes or more after engine start.

NOTE

:
• Drive the vehicle at a constant velocity.

• When the same malfunction is detected regardless of driving conditions, reset the counter of driving pattern B.

• When the above conditions are satisfied without detecting the same malfunction, reset the counter of driving pattern B.

DRIVING PATTERN C

Driving pattern C means operating vehicle as per the following: The following conditions should be satisfied at the same time: Engine speed: (Engine speed in the freeze frame data) ±375 rpm Calculated load value: (Calculated load value in the freeze frame data) x (1±0.1) [%]
Engine coolant temperature condition:

• When the freeze frame data shows lower than 70°C (158°F), engine coolant temperature should be lower than 70°C (158°F).

• When the freeze frame data shows higher than or equal to 70°C (158°F), engine coolant temperature should be higher than or equal to 70°C (158°F).

NOTE

:
• When the same malfunction is detected regardless of the above vehicle conditions, reset the counter of driving pattern C.

• When the above conditions are satisfied without detecting the same malfunction, reset the counter of driving pattern C.

• The 1st trip DTC will be cleared when C counter is counted once without the same malfunction after DTC is stored in ECM.

Diagnosis description : System Readiness Test (SRT) Code

As part of an enhanced emissions test for Inspection & Maintenance (I/M), certain states require the status of SRT be used to indicate whether the ECM has completed self-diagnosis of major emission systems and components.

Completion must be verified in order for the emissions inspection to proceed.

If a vehicle is rejected for a State emissions inspection due to one or more SRT items indicating “INCMP”, use the information in this Service Manual to set the SRT to “CMPLT”.

In most cases the ECM will automatically complete its self-diagnosis cycle during normal usage, and the SRT status will indicate “CMPLT” for each application system. Once set as “CMPLT”, the SRT status remains “CMPLT” until the self-diagnosis memory is erased.

Occasionally, certain portions of the self-diagnostic test may not be completed as a result of the customer's normal driving pattern; the SRT will indicate “INCMP” for these items.

NOTE: The SRT will also indicate “INCMP” if the self-diagnosis memory is erased for any reason or if the ECM memory power supply is interrupted for several hours.

If, during the state emissions inspection, the SRT indicates “CMPLT” for all test items, the inspector will continue with the emissions test. However, if the SRT indicates “INCMP” for one or more of the SRT items the vehicle is returned to the customer untested.

NOTE: If MI is ON during the state emissions inspection, the vehicle is also returned to the customer untested even though the SRT indicates “CMPLT” for all test items. Therefore, it is important to check SRT (“CMPLT”) and DTC (No DTCs) before the inspection.

SRT SET TIMING

SRT is set as “CMPLT” after self-diagnosis has been performed one or more times. Completion of SRT is done regardless of whether the result is OK or NG. The set timing is different between OK and NG results and is shown in the table below.

OK: Self-diagnosis is carried out and the result is OK.

NG: Self-diagnosis is carried out and the result is NG.

—: Self-diagnosis is not carried out.

When all SRT related self-diagnoses show OK results in a single cycle (Ignition OFF-ON-OFF), the SRT will indicate “CMPLT”. → Case 1 above When all SRT related self-diagnoses show OK results through several different cycles, the SRT will indicate “CMPLT” at the time the respective self-diagnoses have at least one OK result. → Case 2 above If one or more SRT related self-diagnoses show NG results in 2 consecutive cycles, the SRT will also indicate “CMPLT”. → Case 3 above The table above shows that the minimum number of cycles for setting SRT as “INCMP” is the number one (1) for each self-diagnosis (Case 1 & 2) or the number two (2) for one of self-diagnoses (Case 3). However, in preparation for the state emissions inspection, it is unnecessary for each self-diagnosis to be executed twice (Case 3) for the following reasons: • The SRT will indicate “CMPLT” at the time the respective self-diagnoses have one (1) OK result.

• The emissions inspection requires “CMPLT” of the SRT only with OK self-diagnosis results.

• During SRT driving pattern, the 1st trip DTC (NG) is detected prior to “CMPLT” of SRT and the self-diagnosis memory must be erased from the ECM after repair.

• If the 1st trip DTC is erased, all the SRT will indicate “INCMP”.

NOTE

:
SRT can be set as “CMPLT” together with the DTC(s). Therefore, DTC check must always be carried out prior to the state emission inspection even though the SRT indicates “CMPLT”.

Diagnosis description : Malfunction Indicator (MI)

When detecting a DTC that affects exhaust gas, the exhaust emission- related control module transmits a malfunction indicator signal to ECM via CAN communication line.

ECM prioritizes (MI: ON/blink) the signal received from the exhaust emission-related control module and the ECM-stored DTC that affects exhaust gas and transmits a malfunction indicator lamp signal to the combination meter via CAN communication line.

The combination meter turns ON or blinks the MI, according to the signal transmitted from ECM, and alerts the driver of malfunction detection.

• Control modules that a DTC of MI ON/Blink is stored (Control module varies among DTCs.):
- ECM
- TCM

1. The MI illuminates when ignition switch is turned ON (engine is not running).

NOTE

:
Check the MI circuit if MI does not illuminate. Refer to EC-789, "Component Function Check".

2. When the engine is started, the MI should go off.

NOTE

:
If MI remains ON or continues blinking, a DTC(s) that affects exhaust gas is detected. In this case, Selfdiagnosis is required for performing inspection and repair.

On Board Diagnosis Function

ON BOARD DIAGNOSIS ITEM

The on board diagnostic system has the following functions.

BULB CHECK MODE

Description
This function allows damage inspection in the MI bulb (blown, open circuit, etc.).

Operation Procedure
1. Turn ignition switch ON.

2. The MI on the instrument panel should stay ON.

If it remains OFF, check MI circuit. Refer to EC-789, "Component Function Check".

SRT STATUS MODE

Description
This function allows to read if ECM has completed the self-diagnoses of major emission control systems and components. For SRT, refer to EC-496, "DIAGNOSIS DESCRIPTION : System Readiness Test (SRT) Code".

Operation Procedure
1. Turn ignition switch ON and wait 20 seconds.

2. SRT status is indicated as shown blow.

• ECM continues to illuminate MI if all SRT codes are set.

• ECM blinks MI for about 10 seconds if all SRT codes are not set.

MALFUNCTION WARNING MODE

Description
In this function ECM turns on or blinks MI when it detects a malfunction in the emission control system components and/or the powertrain control components (which affect vehicle emissions) to inform the driver that a malfunction has been detected.

Operation Procedure
1. Turn ignition switch ON.

2. Check that MI illuminates.

If it remains OFF, check MI circuit. Refer to EC-789, "Component Function Check".

3. Start engine and let it idle.

• For two trip detection logic diagnoses, ECM turns on MI when it detects the same malfunction twice in the two consecutive driving cycles.

• For 1st trip detection logic diagnoses, ECM turns on MI when it detects a malfunction in one driving cycle.

• ECM blinks MI when it detects a malfunction that may damage the three way catalyst (misfire).

SELF-DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS MODE

Description
This function allows to indicate DTCs or 1st trip DTCs stored in ECM according to the number of times MI is blinking.

How to Set Self-diagnostic Results Mode NOTE

:
• It is better to count the time accurately with a clock.

• It is impossible to switch the diagnostic mode when an accelerator pedal position sensor circuit has a malfunction.

• After ignition switch is turned off, ECM is always released from the “self-diagnostic results” mode.

1. Confirm that accelerator pedal is fully released, turn ignition switch ON and wait 3 seconds.

2. Repeat the following procedure quickly five times within 5 seconds.

• Fully depress the accelerator pedal.

• Fully release the accelerator pedal.

3. Wait 7 seconds, fully depress the accelerator pedal and keep it depressed for approx. 10 seconds until the MI starts blinking.

NOTE

:
Do not release the accelerator pedal for 10 seconds if MI starts blinking during this period. This blinking is displaying SRT status and is continued for another 10 seconds.

4. Fully release the accelerator pedal.

ECM has entered to “Self-diagnostic results” mode.

NOTE

:
Wait until the same DTC (or 1st trip DTC) appears to completely confirm all DTCs.

How to Read Self-diagnostic Results The DTC and 1st trip DTC are indicated by the number of blinks of the MI as shown below.

The DTC and 1st trip DTC are displayed at the same time. If the MI does not illuminate in diagnostic test mode I (Malfunction warning), all displayed items are 1st trip DTCs. If only one code is displayed when the MI illuminates in “malfunction warning” mode, it is a DTC; if two or more codes are displayed, they may be either DTCs or 1st trip DTCs. DTC No. is same as that of 1st trip DTC. These unidentified codes can be identified by using the CONSULT-III or GST. A DTC will be used as an example for how to read a code.

A particular trouble code can be identified by the number of four-digit numeral flashes per the following.

The length of time the 1,000th-digit numeral flashes on and off is 1.2 seconds consisting of an ON (0.6-seconds) - OFF (0.6-seconds) cycle.

The 100th-digit numeral and lower digit numerals consist of a 0.3-seconds ON and 0.3-seconds OFF cycle.

A change from one digit numeral to another occurs at an interval of 1.0-second OFF. In other words, the later numeral appears on the display 1.3 seconds after the former numeral has disappeared.

A change from one trouble code to another occurs at an interval of 1.8-seconds OFF.

In this way, all the detected malfunctions are classified by their DTC numbers. The DTC 0000 refers to no malfunction.

Refer to EC-522, "DTC Index".

How to Erase Self-diagnostic Results By performing this procedure, ECM memory is erased and the following diagnostic information is erased as well.

• Diagnostic trouble codes • 1st trip diagnostic trouble codes • Freeze frame data
• 1st trip freeze frame data • System readiness test (SRT) codes • Test values

NOTE

:
Also, if a battery terminal is disconnected, ECM memory is erased and the diagnostic information as listed above is erased. (The amount of time required for erasing may vary from a few seconds to several hours.)

1. Turn ignition switch OFF and wait at least 10 seconds.

2. Turn ignition switch ON.

3. Turn ignition switch OFF and wait at least 10 seconds.

4. Turn ignition switch ON.

5. Set ECM in “self-diagnostic results” mode.

6. The diagnostic information has been erased from the backup memory in the ECM.

Fully depress the accelerator pedal and keep it depressed for more than 10 seconds.

7. Fully release the accelerator pedal, and confirm the DTC 0000 is displayed.

Consult-III Function

FUNCTION

*: The following emission-related diagnostic information is cleared when the ECM memory is erased.

• Diagnostic trouble codes • 1st trip diagnostic trouble codes • Freeze frame data
• 1st trip freeze frame data • System readiness test (SRT) codes • Test values

WORK SUPPORT MODE

Work Item

*: This function is not necessary in the usual service procedure.

SELF DIAGNOSTIC RESULT MODE

Self Diagnostic Item
Regarding items of DTC and 1st trip DTC, refer to EC-522, "DTC Index".

How to Read DTC and 1st Trip DTC DTCs and 1st trip DTCs related to the malfunction are displayed in “self-diag results”.

• When ECM detects a 1st trip DTC, “1t” is displayed for “TIME”.

• When ECM has detected a current DTC, “0” is displayed for “TIME”.

• If “TIME” is neither “0” nor “1t”, the DTC occurred in the past and ECM shows the number of times the vehicle has been driven since the last detection of the DTC.

How to Erase DTC and 1st Trip DTC NOTE

:
If the ignition switch stays ON after repair work, be sure to turn ignition switch OFF once. Wait at least 10 seconds and then turn it ON (engine stopped) again.

1. Select “ENGINE” with CONSULT-III.

2. Select “SELF-DIAG RESULTS”.

3. Touch “ERASE”. (DTC in ECM will be erased.)

Freeze Frame Data and 1st Trip Freeze Frame Data

*: The items are the same as those of 1st trip freeze frame data.

DATA MONITOR MODE

Monitored Item

NOTE

:
Any monitored item that does not match the vehicle being diagnosed is deleted from the display automatically.

ACTIVE TEST MODE

Test Item

*: Leaving cooling fan OFF with CONSULT-III while engine is running may cause the engine to overheat.

DTC & SRT CONFIRMATION MODE

SRT STATUS Mode
For items whose SRT codes are set, “CMPLT” is displayed on the CONSULT-III screen; for items whose SRT codes are not set, “INCMP” is displayed.

SRT WORK SUPPORT Mode
This mode enables a technician to drive a vehicle to set the SRT while monitoring the SRT status.

DTC WORK SUPPORT Mode